European Union (EU) Countries

The European Union, formally established by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993, is a political and economic union of 27 member states located in Europe. The EU has developed one single European market through a standardized system of laws that apply in all member states. Those laws and policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital.

The 27 EU Member States

As of now, the EU consists of the following 27 member countries:

  • Austria
  • Belgium
  • Bulgaria
  • Croatia
  • Cyprus
  • Czech Republic
  • Denmark
  • Estonia
  • Finland
  • France
  • Germany
  • Greece
  • Hungary
  • Ireland
  • Italy
  • Latvia
  • Lithuania
  • Luxembourg
  • Malta
  • The Netherlands
  • Poland
  • Portugal
  • Romania
  • Slovakia
  • Slovenia
  • Spain
  • Sweden

European Economic Area (EEA) countries

The European Economic Area, established on January 1, 1994, extends the EU’s single market to three non-EU countries: Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. It allows these countries to be part of the EU’s single market without being EU member states, although they must adopt most EU legislation concerning the single EU market. The aim of the EEA is to strengthen trade and economic relations between each of the EEA countries.

The 30 EEA Countries

The EEA includes the following 30 countries:

  • The 27 EU Member States
  • Iceland (EFTA)
  • Liechtenstein (EFTA)
  • Norway (EFTA)

European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Countries

The European Free Trade Association, established in 1960, is a regional trade organization and free trade area consisting of four European countries: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. The EFTA promotes free trade and economic integration between its member states and other countries.

The 4 EFTA Countries

The EFTA consists of the following 4 countries:

  • Iceland
  • Liechtenstein
  • Norway
  • Switzerland

Schengen Area Countries

The Schengen Area, named after the 1985 Schengen Agreement, comprises 27 European countries that have abolished passport and other border controls at their mutual borders. The Schengen Area allows unrestricted movement of people accross member countries, enhancing corporation and travel.

The Schengen Area includes 23 of the 27 EU Member States plus the 4 EFTA countries.

The 27 Schengen Area Countries

The Schengen Area includes the following 27 countries:

  • Austria
  • Belgium
  • Croatia
  • Czech Republic
  • Denmark
  • Estonia
  • Finland
  • France
  • Germany
  • Greece
  • Hungary
  • Iceland (non-EU, EFTA)
  • Italy
  • Latvia
  • Liechtenstein (non-EU, EFTA)
  • Lithuania
  • Luxembourg
  • Malta
  • The Netherlands
  • Norway (non-EU, EFTA)
  • Poland
  • Portugal
  • Slovakia
  • Slovenia
  • Spain
  • Sweden
  • Switzerland (non-EU, EFTA)

The EU Member States Cyprus and Ireland are not part of the Schengen Area.

The EU Member Status Bulgaria and Romania are partial members of the Schengen Area. Since March 31, 204, the air and sea border controls between the Schengen member states and Bulgaria and Romania are lifted, but land border checks remain in place.

About All About Expats

All About Expats focuses on employers of highly skilled migrants and assists them with the immigration procedure, often in combination with the (temporary) outsourcing of employment through an employer of record construction. We take over the role of recognized sponsor so that employers who do not (yet) have this status can still hire highly skilled migrants. nt Goes Here

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